Make the polenta first: In a medium pot, combine the 2 remaining cups of chicken broth, 2 tbsp butter, and 1 tsp salt. Bring mixture just to boiling over high heat, then add the cornmeal mixture to the pot, stirring as you go. Reduce heat to medium and simmer polenta until thickened, stirring slowly and constantly, for 5-7 minutes. You want the polenta to thicken to the consistency of a starchy pudding.
Once polenta is thickened, remove pot from heat and immediately stir in the grated cheese. Once the cheese is fully combined, cover the pot and set aside to keep warm while you cook the shrimp.
Make the shrimp: Melt 4 tbsp butter in a large skillet over medium heat. Add shrimp, paprika, onion powder, 1/2 tsp salt, and 1/4 tsp black pepper, and stir to combine. Arrange coated shrimp in a single layer in the pan and let cook 3-4 minutes, until the shrimp start to turn opaque.
Add the fresh lemon juice and about half of the chopped green onions to the skillet. Stir to combine, then let mixture simmer until shrimp are fully cooked, pink, and opaque, another 1-2 minutes.
Serve Paprika Shrimp over Smoked Gouda Polenta and sprinkle with remaining chopped green onions. Make sure to spoon some of that sauce over the polenta!